TEN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THESIS QUESTIONS

TEN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THESIS QUESTIONS

1.  What is a hypothesis? Write down your own hypothesis and justify it with references to authors whom you reviewed in literature review.
2.     Make a list of parameters of your study with variables and their values. Explain how they relate to your hypothesis.
3.     What is Research Design? What methodology you developed for data collection and analysis?
4.     What is a design concept? Explain your design concept for the thesis project.
5.     List and explain the criteria for site zoning. With reference to your own design, explain where you have made trade-offs and why?
6.     What are the main considerations for landscape design? Explain how landscape can help create a micro climate.
7.     Explain the relation of land use zoning and circulation, while explaining how vehicular and pedestrian circulation shaped the organization of spaces in your design.
8.     What is an Architectural Style and how it is established?
9.     Give examples of monumental architecture in Karachi and explain the importance of scale to creating of iconic architecture.
10. In Pakistan, since the beginning of the century, architectural styles have become pluralist. Justify your answer by citing the architectural trends in Pakistan.

FINAL JURY REQUIREMENTS

FINAL JURY REQUIREMENTS

All students of final year architecture are advised to read very carefully the following instructions concerning the final jury requirements to follow for their own benefit.

1.       Statement of Hypothesis

2.       Research Findings

3.       Research Conclusions

4.       Design Concept i.e.

4.1.    Design theme and

4.2.    Concise design brief

5.       Site Studies i.e.

5.1.    Site selection process

5.2.    Location map showing the surrounding built environment

5.3.    Site Analysis i.e.

5.3.1. Dimensions of Site

5.3.2. Accessibility

5.3.3. Sun path and Wind direction

5.3.4. Existing Site Characteristics

5.4.    Zoning Plan showing the allocation of spaces on site

6.       Case Studies:

6.1.    Graphics i.e. Plans, Elevations, Sections, Views and Elements taken

6.2.    Learning from the case examples

7.       Master Plan showing:

7.1.    Good scale of drawing

7.2.    Clearly labeled buildings and spaces

7.3.    Clearly visible building form

7.4.    Circulation (pedestrian and vehicular)

7.5.    Entrances and

7.6.    Landscaping

8.       Building Plan or Part Plan must consists:

8.1.    Blowups on the scale:   1/8”=1’-0”

8.2.    04 Elevations on the scale: 1/8”=1’-0”

8.3.    02 Sections on the scale: 1/8”=1’-0”

8.4.    Views

9.       Design Development in 5 stages i.e.

9.1.    How design started?

9.2.    How it is developed?

9.3.    How developed the plans elevations and sections?

9.4.    How many options developed?

9.5.    How came down to details?

10.     Compulsory Detailed Model and prepare for Oral Presentation

RESEARCH IN APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL DISCIPLINES

RESEARCH IN APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL DISCIPLINES

By

RAVINDAR KUMAR

Assistant Professor

Department of Architecture and Planning

NED University of Engineering and Technology

Karachi

 

1. RESEARCH IN URBAN DESIGN:

Urban Design consists of making proposals for the form and management of extensive environments. Urban designers also find themselves responsible for carrying out the changes they propose, either directly by serving as the packager, coordinator, or manger of projects or indirectly by establishing and enforcing guidelines for them.

Urban Design is practiced by a loose cadre of professionals, some prefer to call themselves urban designers while others insist to be called architects, landscape architects or even city planners.

In regrettably smaller number of instances, urban design in initiated to improve the social construction of communities or increase.

What differentiates UD from planning, development and management its control focus on experiential and aesthetic quality of the environment.

UD is not as commonly supposal, confined to large sale projects only. The scale largely varies (with the approach off course) from metropolitan region to a single plaza.

In UD exercises there is no single client. One of the attributes is to develop a single client group for the purpose.

In majority of the cases the role of urban designer is that of an interventionist nature.

Urban designers also help shape the future by proposing new environmental arrangements that are popular and change peoples expectations.

For routine problems, there is need for research to develop and test environmental standards, and this is specially critical where the instrument of design is some public regulation. All standards are valuable but can be modified and change as per need.

A basic question here is how people structure cities in their minds, how they orient themselves in time and space, and how areas acquire particular environmental meaning.

Designers have to deal with specific form of knowledge demanding their own style of research – the possibilities of environmental form. Design research of this kind is largely speculative, the product of exscind experiments.

Knowledge about effective processes is another area of research which can be grouped in several categories – methods of analysis, proposal decafting and ways of organizing design processes in their political and institutional contrast etc.

Recent studies have revcaled that public development control and guidance systems are important in framing strategies.

In majority of the cases the apprsaithes / proposals / techniques in urban design are situation dependent.

RESEARCH, STATUS AND OPPORTUNITIES:

Spatial Dynamics:

Urban Designer is forced to draw upon a highly elective set of sources to in for the spatial consequences of demographic, social, economic and life style changes occurring in the cities.

Several phenomena have gained importance. Revitalization of inner city, back to the city monument are some examples.

Three areas deserve special attention.

Long term effect of the massive growth of communication technologies (like the industrial revolution).

Combined impact of demography, changing location preferences, changing higher real housing costs, and increased travel costs on the form and character of currently built residential areas.

Further of older industrial, and especially warehousing, districts that rim the centers of many cities.

Environmental Precedents:

Documentation of specific projects is fairly important in the practice of urban design. Each urban designers has a list of projects that according to him are worthy of documentation.

UD Standards:

The task of improving standard can be aided if researchers explicitly establish the basic norms of such condition where these norms can be applied. Public sentiment is also of great importance here.

Use, Meaning and Behavioral Aspects of Urban Environment:

Considerable literature & available on matters like social aspects of urban form, environmental cognition, the securities of urban form, perception and meaning of natural environments, activities in public spaces, environmental learning, site design, subdivision design, street design play spaces, neighborhood design etc.

For future – we need to research upon peoples attitudes and knowledge towards urban settings.

Secondly accurate protocols and time budgets of urban residents – how different acuities of different people correlate with the and space.

Urban Form Possibilities:

Different forms have been presented in different ways by the western designers. Ideal city, good city etc are certain notions existing in this regard.

How different events are going to affect the city form are yet to be studied.

Procedural Issues (Design Techniques):

The field of UD methods has continued too long to espouse the ideal of deductive rationality, assuming that the optional process of designing proceeds smoothly and irreversibly through steps of problem definition analysis, developing and testing options, choosing among these and carrying out the preferred design.

Political & Institutional Arrangements:

Public sector when design is almost inevitably a political act, one of the key research areas is the coalition – building process, which must be an integral component of any design process.

Design Guidance Systems:

One issue often missing in the research is the pattern of beneficiaries and losers of the system that enforces design intentions and the rules applied.

Broader Issues (Intellectual Origins of the Field):

- Resin the area of intellectual origins should be guided, first and last, by the strong intellectual curiosity of researchers, rather than by any calculation of immediate relevance.

Urban Planning – Evolution and Status:

Up evolved at a body of knowledge, field of study and profession during early twentieth century in US.

This was a direct outcome of the city beautiful movement of late nineteenth century to replace the sooty grimy city of industrial evolution by aesthetically pleasing, attractive and clean cities.

Political invest of 1960s in US caused the expansion of the profession.
 
REFERENCES:

1. Synder, james. C. Editor(1984) “architectural research” new york: van nostrand reinhold company ‘research for urban design, gray hack. Pp. 124-145
2. ‘Urban planning within architectural design research’ by anthony james catanese, pp. 146-160:
3. Khan ahmad nabi “multan – history and architecture” islamabad: inst. Of islamic history, culture & civilization – 1983

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING RESEARCH

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING RESEARCH

By

RAVINDAR KUMAR

B. Arch; M. Urban Design

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY KARACHI

INTRODUCTION:

Discussions of the ethics of research involving human beings usually center on issues regarding research design and approval and how individuals' rights and welfare are protected when they are enrolled in research protocols. The same has been true of the application of the Common Rule, which addresses only tangentially what happens after a research project has ended by requiring that research participants must be informed in advance about what benefits will be provided by the research. In recent years, however, as research sponsored by government agencies, foundations, and private companies in developed countries increasingly has been conducted in developing countries, officials in some of these countries—as well as leaders of international bodies concerned with research ethics—have begun to insist that the ethics of research address what happens when a study ends.

WHAT ARE THE MAIN ETHICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH?



There are several ethical issues that must be considered when designing research that will utilize participants who are human beings.


• The primary concern of the investigator should be the safety of the research participant. This is accomplished by carefully considering the risk/benefit ratio, using all available information to make an appropriate assessment and continually monitoring the research as it proceeds.


• The scientific investigator must obtain informed consent from each research participant. This should be obtained in writing (although oral consents are sometimes acceptable) after the participant has had the opportunity to carefully consider the risks and benefits and to ask any pertinent questions. Informed consent should be seen as an ongoing process, not a singular event or a mere formality.


• The investigator must enumerate how privacy and confidentiality concerns will be approached. Researchers must be sensitive to not only how information is protected from unauthorized observation, but also if and how participants are to be notified of any unforeseen findings from the research that they may or may not want to know.


• The investigator must consider how adverse events will be handled; who will provide care for a participant injured in a study and who will pay for that care are important considerations.


• In addition, before enrolling participants in an experimental trial, the investigator should be in a state of "equipoise," that is, if a new intervention is being tested against the currently accepted treatment, the investigator should be genuinely uncertain which approach is superior. In other words, a true null hypothesis should exist at the onset regarding the outcome of the trial.


WHAT ARE THE MAIN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN RESEARCH WITH HUMAN SUBJECTS?


There are three primary ethical principles that are traditionally cited when discussing ethical concerns in human subjects research.


• The first ethical principle cited as autonomy, which refers to the obligation on the part of the investigator to respect each participant as a person capable of making an informed decision regarding participation in the research study. The investigator must ensure that the participant has received a full disclosure of the nature of the study, the risks, benefits and alternatives, with an extended opportunity to ask questions. The principle of autonomy finds expression in the informed consent document.


• The second ethical principle is beneficence, which refers to the obligation on the part of the investigator to attempt to maximize benefits for the individual participant and/or society, while minimizing risk of harm to the individual. An honest and thorough risk/benefit calculation must be performed.


• The third ethical principle invoked in research with human subjects is justice, which demands equitable selection of participants, i.e., avoiding participant populations that may be unfairly coerced into participating, such as prisoners and institutionalized children. The principle of justice also requires equality in distribution of benefits and burdens among the population group(s) likely to benefit from the research.



WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF AN ETHICALLY VALID INFORMED CONSENT FOR RESEARCH?

For an informed consent to be ethically valid, the following components must be present:

DISCLOSURE: The potential participant must be informed as fully as possible of the nature and purpose of the research, the procedures to be used, the expected benefits to the participant and/or society, the potential of reasonably foreseeable risks, stresses, and discomforts, and alternatives to participating in the research.

• There should also be a statement that describes procedures in place to ensure the confidentiality or anonymity of the participant.
 • The informed consent document must also disclose what compensation and medical treatment are available in the case of a research-related injury.
 • The document should make it clear whom to contact with questions about the research study, research subjects' rights, and in case of injury.


UNDERSTANDING: The participant must understand what has been explained and must be given the opportunity to ask questions and have them answered by one of the investigators. The informed consent document must be written in lay language, avoiding any technical jargon.



VOLUNTARINESS: The participant's consent to participate in the research must be voluntary, free of any coercion or promises of benefits unlikely to result from participation.


COMPETENCE: The participant must be competent to give consent. If the participant is not competent due to mental status, disease, or emergency, a designated surrogate may provide consent if it is in the participant's best interest to participate. In certain emergency cases, consent may be waived due to the lack of a competent participant and a surrogate.




CONSENT: The potential human subject must authorize his/her participation in the research study, preferably in writing, although at times an oral consent or assent may be more appropriate.


USING DECEPTION WHEN DOING RESEARCH?


• As a general rule, deception is not acceptable when doing research with humans. Using deception jeopardizes the integrity of the informed consent process and can potentially harm your participants.

 • Occasionally exploring your area of interest fully may require misleading your participants about the subject of your study. For example, if you want to learn about decision-making practices of physicians without influencing their practice-style, you may consider telling them you are studying "communication behaviors" more broadly.


• The research supervisor will review any proposal that suggests using deception or misrepresentation very carefully. They will require an in-depth justification of why the deception is necessary for the study and the steps you will take to safeguard your participants.

TIMELINE / THESIS PROGRESS DEADLINES

A BROAD BASED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

AR – 501: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IV

By

RAVINDAR KUMAR

Assistant Professor

Department of Architecture and Planning

NED University of Engineering and Technology

Karachi

TOPIC: A BROAD BASED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL:

The first and foremost step of any research initiative is writing a research proposal. In this regard a researcher is required to have some theoretical knowledge regarding contents of the research study undertaken. After carrying out the basic preparatory work i.e. identification of the area of interest and an initial literature review for the research the researcher put together all the contents of proposed research. It includes the topic on which research would be conducted, the objectives and methodology of work and the expected outcomes of the research. This can also be termed as an overall plan which tells the reader regarding research problem and how the researcher has planned to investigate it? Or “It is the detailed practical plan of obtaining the answers to research questions in which the reader would be assured about the validity of the methodology to obtain accurate answers. It is necessary to mention that each institution, discipline & supervisor has different requirements regarding the contents of a research proposal however majority of the institutions or supervisors requires checking three items within a research proposal.

i) First what the researcher has proposed to do?

ii) Second how the researcher has planned to proceed?

iii) Third why the researcher has selected his / her proposed strategy?

Therefore for every researcher it is highly recommended that the research proposal must contain ten basic ingredients.

I. First, what are the objectives of proposed study?

II. Second, the statements of hypothesis if the researcher intends to test any.

III. Third research design or study design proposed for research.

IV. Fourth the study area physical setting or the context of study.

V. Fifth the research instrument to be used i.e. questionnaire, interview or any other.

VI. Sixth the selected sample size or sampling design.

VII. Seventh the method of analysis or data processing procedures.

VIII. Eighth table of contents or proposed chapters for the report.

IX. Ninth scope & parameters or the problems & limitations of the study.

X. Tenth the work schedule or time table or time frames for the research.

If any research proposal contains all these contents there is a better chance for approval of the research project because this information would satisfy an evaluator or supervisor of the research regarding the research whereas for a researcher this proposal would be a detailed guide line for proceeding on his / her research endeavor.

 

2. A BROAD BASED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

It is a grave reality that research is taught as a supporting subject in many academic disciplines and in each discipline there are specific spheres of influence on which research is conducted. These specific spheres of influence give birth to different paradigms of research. However; there are quite similar activities in each research process. For instance the substance & contents of each research would be different however the broad approach of researcher in making inquiries about the research and incorporating his or her opinion in a research are the commonalities of all researches. Thus there is a need to understand a broad research methodology followed by each researcher in his or her research. This generic process of research can be outlined as a broad based research methodology.

2.1: RESEARCH PROBLEM FORMULATION:

The initial thought behind every research process is to know that, what the problem is? Why this research? What is the issue on which research is to be done? Thus formulating a research problem is based on the intensions of an author & prevailing situation. Basically the research problem develops with two basic determinants. One is the area of interest of researcher & other is the initiator of research or client of researcher. For the formulation of research problem of any research the basic issue is the understanding of the subject matter & that emerges from the review of the literature or physical observation of any context. Then there are various constrains which compel the researcher to formulate the research problem for instance, financial resources, availability of time, expertise of the supervisor, and knowledge of the allied subjects, i.e. computer, statistics etc. Basically formulating a research problem means to answer the question what?

2.2: CONCEPTUALIZING A RESEARCH DESIGN:

The research design is again a very significant issue which develops on the basic of chosen research method. Therefore conceptualizing a research design means develop the concept that how the research would be conducted. The research design would describe that, what are the parameters of research, what its indicators are? And how the process of data collection & analysis would be comprehended & practically applied? It is the detailed method of research variable analysis and conducting the practical steps of research. The research design is again based on some ground realities of the researcher. For example, what type of research method is intended by a researcher? How this research method would be valued? What is the level of knowledge & skills of analysis possessed by a researcher? It again requires a literature review and number of measurement procedures known, by a researcher on the basis of which analysis & evaluation would be done & conclusions would be drawn. Or more appropriately it can be said that, research design permits a researcher to predict accurate outcomes of research in any given set of conditions. Secondly it identifies all the gaps in knowledge of a researcher. Another important aspect in research is that, the validity of “what” one finds out as an answer of research question is mainly based upon “how” it was found. Therefore basically a research design defines about this how of all the findings or answers of research questions.
Conclusively a research design consists of six basic ingredients, i.e.

a) Study design per se

b) Logistical arrangements

c) Measurement procedures

d) Sampling strategy

e) Framework of analysis

f) Timeframe

2.3: CONSTRUCTING A DATA COLLECT INSTRUMENT:

The third operational step of any research is the construction of an instrument for data collection. At this step the required theoretical knowledge is about methods & tools of data collection where as the required intermediary knowledge is about the validity and reliability of the research tool. Thus the basic issue which needs explanation here is that, what is meant by a research tool or research instrument. The research tool or instrument can be anything which becomes the means of collecting information for the study undertaken by a researcher.

These include:

i) Note Book

ii) Sketch Book

iii) Camera / Audio Visual Recorder

iv) Observation Form

v) Map of the Area

vi) Plans of the Building

vii) Interview Schedules

viii) Questionnaires

ix) Interview guides

x) Checklist of issues

Thus constructing a data collection instrument is the first practical step of carrying out a research / study. However before constructing a data collecting instrument a researcher needs to decide about the process of collecting data for proposed study and then construct that tool. Basically there are various methods of data collection. Broadly they are categorized as primary and secondary data collection process. For primary data collection a researcher either construct an instrument or select from already constructed tool. However if the researcher wants use secondary data which is already obtained for other purposes; then an analytical form is developed to extract the required data from secondary data. One of the integral parts of constructing an instrument for data collection is the Field Testing which is a prerequisite for constructing an appropriate data collection tool. However if the researcher is using computer for data analysis then the coding space is provided on the research instrument.

2.4: SELECTING A SAMPLE:

Another significant aspect of any research is selecting a sample. Because; it in not possible to study a whole universe due to constraints of time and money. For selecting and designing a sample the required intermediary knowledge is of sampling theory and sampling designs. Basically the selection of sample determines the accuracy of the estimates made by a researcher. The main reason of sampling design is to minimize the limitation of cost and obtain those values which are prevalent in the larger population. The good sampling design is that which reduces the gap between the value obtained through sample and actual characteristics of total population. Secondly the basic premise of sampling is to select those minor units of community which can provide a sufficiently high degree of probability or a true reflection of complete community. As discussed earlier that, a researcher must have intermediary knowledge about sampling theory and sampling design. So what does it mean? Basically sampling theory gives us two basic principles i.e. avoid any bias in sample selection and attain the maximum precision in given layout of resources or in other words the researcher must clearly think about his / her available resources and select sample without any preconceived assumption. As far as sample design is concerned there are various options of sampling design available to a researcher. However, there are three basic categories of sampling design i.e. Random probability sampling designs, or random sampling, Non random probability sampling design or non random sampling and Mixed sampling design. The details of sampling shall be discussed later however it is necessary to mansion here that, a researcher must acquaint him / herself with maximum no. of sampling designs, the strengths & weaknesses of sampling and selection of most appropriate sampling design for the research study undertaken. Because the type of sampling strategy that a researcher use in a research and the type of statistical tests performed on the data determines the ability of researcher regarding generalizing from a sample to total population.

2.5: DATA COLLECTION:
The sixth operational step of any research is the collection of data. Once a research proposal is approved the next step for researcher is data collection through designed research instrument. At this operational step the researcher requires five types of intermediary knowledge.
I. First the field test of the research tool.
II. Second the process of editing the data.
III. Third, the development of a code book.
IV. Fourth, the process of encoding.
V. Fifth the ethical issues in data collection.
At this operational step the researcher actually collect the data from the context through his / her devised data collection tool i.e. mail survey, questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, physical observation, photographic visual survey, map making etc.

2.6: DATA PROCESSING (ANALYSIS, EVALUATION & CONCLUSIONS):
The seventh operational step of any research is the processing of data. At this step a researcher requires a theoretical knowledge of data processing methods computer application and statistics. The process of data analysis or data processing in a research mainly depends upon two basic premises.
I. One the type of collected information
II. Two the way a researcher intends to write his / her research report.
As far as the type of collected information is concerned it may be descriptive, qualitative or attitudinal and quantitative. Whereas the way of writing a report varies as per researcher’s writing skills and intellect. Another skill which is required in the processing of data is displaying techniques or presentation skills. Because the best presented data is also necessary for the audience to understand the research. This presentation & display of data is the final step for data processing. Thus for a researcher it is necessary to make data analysis with qualitative & quantitative distinction i.e. manual or computer analysis. For example in order to analyse qualitative data a researcher review his / her field notes and manually analyse his / her observations. Whereas for quantitative analysis use of computer is must. Where, a researcher decides about required type of statistical analysis. Such as: frequency distribution, cross tabulations or statistical procedures such as regression analysis, factor analysis or analysis of variance.


2.7: REPORT WRITING:
The final & most difficult aspect of any research is the writing of a research report. At this step the required theoretical knowledge is of scientific writing principles. The basic considerations for report writing are those, where a researcher inform the world what is being done? What is discovered and what conclusions are drawn from the research findings. If a researcher is clear about the whole research process he / she will also be clear about the way of writing a report. It’s like a buffet party with eight tables each with different dishes but the dishes are made with similar ingredients and the researcher would select the dish which he / she like the most from each table. And fill his / her plate & present it to others. As mentioned earlier that a researcher must have the theoretical knowledge of scientific writing so what is that scientific writing? Basically science depends upon logical hierarchy. Similarly a research report follows a logical sequence with different sections & chapters based upon different themes of study. Where chapter to chapter, topic to topic, paragraph to paragraph and sentence to sentence there shall be complete hierarchy or logical sequence.
Conclusively a research report consist six basic chapters i.e.
I. Introduction
II. Literature review,
III. Research design,
IV. Data Presentation and Analysis i.e. Contextual realities / Case Studies
V. Research Findings i.e. Design Brief or Problem Statement
VI. Conclusions and Recommendations
VII. Research Appraisal.


PERSONAL NOTE:
THIS GENERIC PROCESS OF RESEARCH OUTLINED ABOVE IS INTENDED TO ENHANCE THE UNDERSTANDING OF MY DEAR STUDENTS CONCERNING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE STUDENTS WHO ARE BEGINNERS AND ATTEMPTING THE RESEARCH FOR THE FIRST TIME. THIS BRIEF WOULD CLARIFY THEIR CONFUSIONS REGARDING RESEARCH.

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH REPORT WRITING FORMAT

AR-501: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IV

by

RAVINDAR KUMAR

Assistant Professor

Department of Architecture and Planning

NED University of Engineering and Technology

Karachi

Topic: ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH REPORT WRITING FORMAT

i. Abstract
ii. Acknowledgements
iii. Table of Contents
iv.List of Maps, Charts, Graphs & Tables
v. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Chapter # 1 - Introduction
1.1: Background – Problem statement; Research questions
1.2: Objective – Sub-objectives
1.3: Methodology
1.4: Scope and Parameters
1.5: Rationale and Justification
1.6: Expected results
1.7: Use of Study

Chapter # 2 – Literature Review
2.1: Definitions and descriptions (background of literature review)
2.2: Different Authors and their books, articles etc. (Summary of whatever literature reviewed)
2.3: Architect’s perspective
2.4: Research Arguments ( view points of different authors both for and against)
2.5: Theoretical Framework (Identification of the gaps in arguments where you want to work)
2.6: Conceptual Framework (Hypothesis development)

Chapter # 3 – Research Design
3.1: Lessons learned through literature review
3.2: Breakup of Hypothesis in Parameters / Variables; Indicators/Values and Sources.
3.3: What data shall be collected (Based on Hypothesis breakup)
3.4: What shall be the method to collect the data
3.4.1: Observations
3.4.2: Interviews
3.4.3: More literature review
3.4.4: Questionnaire Survey
3.4.5: Photographic Survey
3.4.6: Map making (GIS/Remote Sensing)
3.4.7: Retrospective Prospective Study or Before and After study
3.4.8: Case studies method etc. Comparison of Local as well as International cases
3.4.9: Experimentation (Practical Modeling)
3.5: Method of data presentation
3.6: Method of analysis

Chapter # 4 – Architectural Research
4.1: Factual data presentation (Local and International Case Studies/Contextual Information)
4.2: Data analysis as per selected method of Analysis
4.3: Synthesis (Summary of Arguments)

CHAPTER # 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1: Summary of Research Findings
5.2: Interpretation of Research Findings into Design Brief
5.3: Justification of Design Brief
5.4: Site Selection Criteria; Site Selection and Analysis
5.5: Design Philosophy, Concepts and its Justification

Chapter # 6: Design Proposal
6.1: Design Development Process
6.2: Master Planning Process and Alternatives Development
6.3: Detailed Design Process and Alternative development
6.4: Proposed Master Plan
6.5: Proposed Detailed Design (Floor Plans, Elevations, Sections, Views, Details below ups, Block Models and Detailed Models

Chapter # 07 – Research Appraisal
7.1: Brief Presented to the Jury
7.2: Questions asked by Jury Members
7.3: Answers given to Jury Members
7.4: Jury’s Final Remarks (Unanswered questions)
7.5: Avenues for further research in future

8: REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
9: ANNEXURES

HOW TO GIVE THE REFERENCES? BOTH IN FOOT NOTES AND IN BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Following is the style of references that may be followed in the thesis report.

Book (Elements of the citation) Author(s) of book – family name and initials Year of publication, Title of book – italicised, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication.

Chapter in a book (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials Year of publication, ‘Title of chapter – in single quotation marks’, in Editor(s) of book (eds), Title of book – italicised, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, Page numbers.

Conference paper (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of paper – family name and initials Year of publication, ‘Title of paper – in single quotation marks’, Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date(s) – italicised, Publisher, Place of Publication, Page number(s), (viewed date-in-full, URL – if accessed electronically).

Journal Article (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials Year of publication, ‘Title of journal article – in single quotation marks’, Title of journal – italicised, Volume, Issue or number, Page number(s), (viewed date-in-full, URL – if accessed electronically).

Thesis (Elements of the citation)
Author of thesis – family name and initials Year of preparation of thesis, ‘Title of thesis – in single quotation marks’, Award, Institution issuing degree, Location of institution.

Report (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of report – (person or organisation) Year of Publication, Title of report - italicised, Report number (if available), Publisher/ Institution, Place of publication, (viewed date-in-full, URL - if accessed electronically).

Newspaper and magazine article (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of article – family name and initials Year of publication, ‘Title of article – in single quotation marks’, Title of newspaper – italicised, Day month, Page number(s).

Web page (Elements of the citation)
Author(s) of page – (person or organisation) Year (page created or revised), Title of page - italicised, description of document (if applicable), name of the sponsor of the page (if applicable), viewed date-in-full, URL.

Patent (Elements of the citation)Author(s) of patent – family name and initials Year of issue, Title of patent- italicised, Number of patent including country of issue.

Standard (Elements of the citation)
Corporate body issuing standard Year of publication, Title of standard- italicised, Number of standard including identifier of issuing country or body, Publisher of standard, Place of publication.

Map (Elements of the citation)
Issuing body Year of publication, Title of map – italicised, Series (if available), Publisher, Place of publication.

Personal communication (Elements of the citation)
Information obtained by interview, telephone call, letter or email should be documented in the text, but should NOT be included in the list of References.

 
PERSONAL NOTE:
 
DEAR STUDENTS KINDLY ATTEND THE LECTURE CONCERNING AFFOREMENTIONED CONTENTS OF THE THESIS REPORT. PLEASE PREPARE AS MANY QUESTIONS AS POSSIBLE SO AS A FRUITFUL ARGUMENTATION MAY ARISE THROUGH OUR DISCUSSION.